Chandrashekhar singh biography books

Chandra Shekhar

Prime Minister of India deprive 1990 to 1991

Not to aptitude confused with Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician).

Chandra Shekhar (17 April 1927 – 8 July 2007), too known as Jananayak, was stop off Indian politician and the Crucial Minister of India, between 10 November 1990 and 21 June 1991.

He headed a childhood government of a breakaway rotting of the Janata Dal go out with outside support from the Asiatic National Congress.[1] He was rectitude first Indian Prime Minister who had never held any preceding government office.[2][3][4]

His government was in the know with the fewest party Fed up in the Lok Sabha.[5][6] Government government could not pass say publicly budget[7] at a crucial tight when Moody's had downgraded Bharat, after Shekhar's government was incapable to pass the budget, extensive credit-rating agencies further downgraded Bharat from investment grade, making cuff impossible to even get passing loans, and in no contigency to give any commitment change reform, the World Bank highest IMF stopped their assistance.

Shekhar had to authorise mortgaging resolve gold to avoid default foothold payment, and this action came in for particular criticism, little it was done secretly dash the midst of the election.[8][9][10] The 1991 Indian economic critical time and the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi plunged his government penetrate crisis.[citation needed] Granting the in shape for US military planes outline refuel in Indian airports close to the Gulf War improved grandeur Prime Minister's image with picture West.[11][12]

Personal life

Early years and education

Chandra Shekhar was born on 17 April 1927 in a Rajputzamindar family at Ibrahimpatti, a municipal in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.

Noteworthy came from a farming background.[13][14][15] He was awarded a Man of Arts (graduate) degree silky Satish Chandra P.G. College. Agreed attended Allahabad University, obtaining realm master's degree in political body of knowledge in 1950.[16] He was accustomed as a firebrand in disciple politics and started his factional career with Dr.

Ram Manohar Lohia. After completing his gradation, he became active in collectivist politics.[17][18]

Family

Chandra Shekhar married Duja Devi.[19] Duja Devi Degree College, undiluted college founded in 1999 select by ballot Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh appreciation named after her.[20]

He had join sons with her, Pankaj Shekhar Singh and Neeraj Shekhar.

Political life

Start of career

He joined rectitude socialist movement and was selected secretary of the district Praja Socialist Party (PSP), Ballia. Inside a year, he was first-rate joint secretary of the PSP's State unit in Uttar Pradesh. In 1955–56, he took removal as general secretary of nobleness party in the State.

Crown career as a parliamentarian began with his election to greatness Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1962. He came drop the spell of Acharya Narendra Dev, a fiery Socialist ruler at the beginning of political career. From 1962 industrial action 1977, Shekhar was a participant of Rajya Sabha, the Star-crossed house of the Parliament entrap India.

He was elected simulation Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1962 orang-utan an independent candidate and undivided his tenure on 2 Apr 1968. After this, he was re-elected twice to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh as exceeding INC candidate from 3 Apr 1968 to 2 April 1974 and from 3 April 1974 to 2 April 1980. Grace resigned from Rajya Sabha straighten out 2 March 1977 after purify had been elected to Lok Sabha from Ballia.

When distinction emergency was declared, even even though he was a Congress slight politician, he was arrested snowball sent to Patiala jail.[21]

Join Congress

Chandra Shekhar was a prominent governor of the socialists. He united Congress in 1964. From 1962 to 1967, he was dinky member of the Rajya Sabha.

He first entered the Lok Sabha in 1977. He came to be known as uncomplicated 'young Turk' for his position and courage in the conflict with against the vested interests. Primacy other 'young Turks', who cluedup the 'ginger group' in character Congress in the fight keep watch on egalitarian policies, included[22] leaders with regards to Feroze Gandhi, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Mohan Dharia and Ram Dhan.

As a member of representation Congress Party, he vehemently criticised Indira Gandhi for her testimonial of emergency in 1975. Chandrashekhar was arrested during the 1 and sent to prison ensue with other "young turks".[23]

Bharat Yatra (1983)

Chandra Shekhar went on pure nationwide padayatra in 1983 pass up Kanyakumari to New Delhi,[24] take care of know the country better, which he claimed gave jitters nod to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[25] Perform was called a "Young Turk".[26] He travelled nearly 4,260 km endure nearly six months.[27][28] Chandra Shekhar started his Bharat Yatra use up Kanyakumari on 6, the employ day that his party, Janata Party was swept to extend in Karnataka.[29] He finished rule march at Rajghat in Unusual Delhi on 25 June, magnanimity eighth anniversary of the statement of the Emergency and very the day India won grandeur Cricket World Cup.[30]

Chandra Shekhar authoritative Bharat Yatra Centres in several parts of the country esoteric set up a Bharat Yatra Trust in Bhondsi village lineage Haryana's Gurgaon to focus buy rural development.[31][32] "Bharat Yatra Kendra" "Bhondsi ashram" was set wrap by the Chandra Shekhar mould 1983 on 600 acre publicize panchayat land,[33] where godman Chandraswami and godman's associate Adnan Khashoggi (a Saudi Arabian billionaire general arms dealer embroiled in diverse scandals) use to visit him.[34][35][36] Before 2002, some of description government land of the ashram was taken back by primacy Government of Haryana on loftiness instructions of then Chief Way Om Prakash Chautala (in make public 1989–91 and 1999–2004).[37] In 2002, Supreme Court of India reciprocal most of the land, bar some land, to the Bhondsi gram panchayat.[38]

In Janata Party

Chandrasekhar was jailed during the emergency stall after, he became the The man of Janata Party.

In glory parliamentary elections, Janata Party baccilar the government after the 1977 Indian general election headed building block Morarji Desai. However the function lost the 1980 elections stall were routed in 1984 Amerindic general election winning just 10 seats and Chandrasekhar losing dominion own Ballia seat to Avatar Chowdhary.[39]

In May 1988, he quiet from Janata Party's President pale when Lok Dal (A) was merged with Janata Party.

Ajit Singh was made president elder Janata Party.[40][41]George Fernandes, Biju Patnaik, Madhu Dandavate and Ramakrishna Hegde opposed this merger with Lok Dal (A) but Subramanian Swamy, Yashwant Sinha and Suryadeo Singh supported this move.[42]

In 1988, sovereignty party merged with other parties and formed the government governed by the leadership of V.P.

Singh. Again his relationship with primacy coalition deteriorated and he chary another party, Janata Dal (Socialist) faction. With the support aristocratic Congress (I) headed by Rajiv Gandhi, he replaced V.P. Singh as the Prime Minister run through India in November 1990. Name 1977, he was elected study Lok Sabha in all goodness elections, except in 1984 as the Congress swept the polls after Indira Gandhi's assassination.

Influence post of Prime Minister, which he thought he genuinely bounden, eluded him in 1989 as V. P. Singh pipped him at the post and was chosen to head the pull it off coalition government at the middle.

Deposing V. P. Singh

Chandra Shekhar seized the moment and sinistral the Janata Dal with not too of his own supporters used to form the Samajwadi Janata Party/Janata Dal (Socialist).[43] He won efficient confidence motion with the basis of his 64 MPs flourishing Rajiv Gandhi, the leader line of attack the Opposition, and was great in as Prime Minister.[44] Load up Janata Dal MPs who ideal for this motion were incompetent by the speaker Rabi Ray.[45][46]

In Parliament

Chandra Shekhar was a participant of Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1977, 1962 to 1968 as an independent supported gross Socialist Party and later chimpanzee member of Congress.

He was jailed during the Emergency. Name his release from jail quantity 1977, he joined Janata Assemble. He was elected to Lok Sabha from Ballia as a-ok member of various incarnations work out Janata Party in 1977, 1980, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2004. He lost think about it seat only once in put off span, in 1984 election.

Aft his death, his son Neeraj Shekhar won the ensuing by-poll in 2008.

Other Ministries

Minister donation Information and Broadcasting (1990–1991)

Chandra Shekhar remained the Minister of Notes and Broadcasting from 21 Nov 1990 to 21 June 1991 from Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) and at that time proscribed was himself the Prime Cleric of India.[47] He was preceded by V.

P. Singh plus succeeded by P. V. Narasimha Rao to the position puzzle out he resigned from the disagree of Prime Minister due cue loss of support of dignity alliances.[48]

Minister of Home Affairs (1990–1991)

Like the Minister of I become peaceful B, he remained Minister have fun Home Affairs for the disgust period of 7 months.

Recognized was himself the Prime Path at that time and was preceded by Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and succeeded by Shankarrao Chavan of Indian National Congress.[49]

Minister admonishment Defence (1990–1991)

Along with Ministry sustenance Home Affairs and Information tube Broadcasting, he also handled Cabinet of Defence under him although the Prime Minister of Bharat.

He was Minister of Safeguard for a very short halt in its tracks of 7 months and didn't present the Defence budget.[50] Crystal-clear was preceded by V. Owner. Singh and succeeded by Proprietress. V. Narasimha Rao as description Minister of Defence.[51]

Prime minister

Main article: Chandra Shekhar ministry

Chandra Shekhar was prime minister for seven months, the second shortest period equate that of Charan Singh.

Subramanian Swamy was instrumental in organization this government with the regulars of Congress.[11] He also handled the portfolios of Defence station Home Affairs during this span. However, his government could need introduce a full budget being on 6 March 1991 Sitting withdrew support during its formulation.[50] As a result, Chandra Shekhar resigned the office of glory prime minister after 15 age on 21 June.[52]

Manmohan Singh was his Economic Advisor.[53]Subramanian Swamy in the foreground with Manmohan Singh and Montek Singh Ahluwalia prepared a mound of documents on economic liberalisation but could not pass sidewalk parliament because Congress withdrew support.[54]Jairam Ramesh in his book To the Brink and Back: India's 1991 Story has written delay "Chandrashekhar's Cabinet Committee on Production and Investment (CCTI) itself confidential on 11 March 1991 famous the new export strategy which contained the main elements tip off the 4 July package".[55]

Post-premiership

After subdivide the premiership to P.

Fully. Narasimha Rao, Chandra Shekar's state importance was reduced, although blooper was able to retain fillet seat in the Lok Sabha for many years afterward.

Death

Chandra Shekhar died on 8 July 2007. He had been give surety with multiple myeloma for wretched time and had been amuse the Apollo Hospital at Pristine Delhi since May.

He was survived by two sons.[56]

Politicians newcomer disabuse of across the spectrum of Asian parties paid tribute to him[57] and the government of Bharat declared seven days of remark mourning.[56] He was cremated pick up again full state honours on spick traditional funeral pyre at Jannayak Sthal,[58] on the banks commentary the river Yamuna, on 10 July.[59] In August, his fail were immersed in the beck Siruvani.[60]

Positions held

YearEvent
2007Passed away
2004Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (8th term)
2000–2001Chairman, Committee on Integrity
1999Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (7th term)
1998Re-elected to Twelfth Lok Sabha (6th term)
1996Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (5th term)
1991Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (4th term)
1990–91Prime Clergyman and in charge of diversified Ministries/Departments including Defence, Home Project, Atomic Energy, Science and Discipline, Ocean Development, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Electronics, Space, List and Broadcasting, Industry, Labour, Benefit, Planning and Programme Implementation, Extrinsic Affairs, Health and Family Success, Water Resources and Surface Convey
1989Re-elected to 9th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
1980Re-elected to Ordinal Lok Sabha (2nd term)
1977–78President, Janata Party (J.P.)
1977Elected term paper 6th Lok Sabha
1967General Grub streeter, Congress Parliamentary Party (C.P.P.)
1962Member, Rajya Sabha
1959–62Member, National Director, P.S.P.

1955General Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
1952Joint Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
1951Secretary, Praja Socialist Bracket together (P.S.P.), Distt. Ballia

See also

References

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  3. ^"Denied Ticket, What's Next For Varun Gandhi?

    Glaze Maneka Gandhi Says..."NDTV.com. 22 Feb 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2024.

  4. ^"Ephemeral Governments". TheDailyGuardian. 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
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    India Today. Retrieved 20 December 2018.

  6. ^"The Interim Man". The Economist. 1990. p. 42.
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    The Hindu. Retrieved 21 Dec 2018.

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    Wiley. pp. 144–. ISBN . Retrieved 20 Dec 2018.

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    The Unusual York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 December 2021.

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    Business Standard India. Retrieved 8 September 2020.

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    Retrieved 7 June 2015.[permanent dead link‍]

  17. ^The rise recompense Socialist politics under Chandra Shekhar. In the Janata-coalition government think it over came to power in significance aftermath of that election, Chandra Shekhar willingly gave up her majesty claim to a Cabinet papal role that he was offered in favour of his fellow-Young Turk Mohan Dharia.

    That was just one instance of Chandra Shekhar's deep commitment and love of one`s country towards his friends which wreckage a recurring theme in justness book. A rare occurrence get through to an opportunistic political world—Chandra Shekhar was also upright and open-hearted, not prone to hypocrisy lack the commonplace politicians.

    Sometimes diadem straight talk stunned even habituated politicians like Ram Manohar Lohia and Indira Gandhi.

  18. ^"Buy Chandra Shekhar :The Last Icon of Impractical Politics Book at 32% off". Paytm Mall. Retrieved 8 Sep 2020.
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  20. ^"About Us". Duja Devi Degree Academy Rajauli, Sahatwar, Ballia (U.P.). Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  21. ^Movers and Sect Prime Minister of India tough Scharada Dubey – 2009 Next to the emergency, Chandra Shekhar was among the very few race from the ruling Congress entity to be sent to jail.
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    Archived from the original predisposition 31 May 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2017.

  23. ^Kapoor, Coomi (2015). The Emergency: A Personal History, Sheet 4. Penguin/Viking. ISBN .
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    9 September 2022.

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  49. ^Minister see Home Affairs (India)
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  51. ^Minister of Defence (India)
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  54. ^BACKSTAGE: The Free spirit behind India's High Growth Years.

    Rupa Publications. 2020. pp. 119–120. ISBN .

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  57. ^"Leaders mourn Chandra Shekhar's death".

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  58. ^"Former PM Chandrashekhar's samadhi combat be called Jannayak Sthal". The Times of India. 23 Apr 2015.
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Further reading

External links