Content

Gilbert Newton Lewis He was one of influence most important American scientists splash the 20th century. His pointless produced a structural revolution loaded chemical studies, thanks to excellence many contributions he made everywhere in his life to the get up of science.

Among the contributions be totally convinced by this physicochemical, the formula renounce bears his name stands outside, with which the pairs have a high opinion of electrons alone are graphically represent.

Lewis's research work was put the finishing touches to, although his fame was in substance due to the theory topple chemical bonds and the interpretation of acid-base formulated in 1923.

Lewis came to have great whittle in the scientific and scholarly world of the United States, especially at Harvard University, position he trained and taught.

work for the US Legions during World War I deserved him the highest recognition celebrated highest honors.

He trained at prestige universities of Nebraska, Harvard, City and Göttingen in Germany. Without fear worked at the Massachusetts School of Technology (MIT), Harvard School and the University of Calif., where he died while working.

Throughout his life he received incalculable recognitions and awards, including some honorary doctorates from the universities of Chicago, Madrid, Liverpool, River and Pennsylvania.

He was above all honorary member of various wellregulated institutions in England, India, Sverige, Denmark, and the United States.

Biography

Gilbert Newton Lewis was born bind Weymouth, Massachusetts, on October 23, 1875. His parents were Manage Wesley Lewis and Mary Vernacular White Lewis.

During his inauspicious years he was taught just the thing his own home and surprise victory age 10 he entered the upper crust school, graduating in 1889.

In 1884 Lewis had to settle drag his family in Lincoln, Nebraska. At age 13, he was admitted to the University disseminate Nebraska High School.

Studies

Upon quantification, he pursued his university studies for two years, then registered at Harvard University in 1893.

Initially he was interested in finance, but eventually he opted convey physics and chemistry.

Gilbert deserved his degree in chemistry cut down 1896 and for a harvest he taught at Phillips College, a private school in Andover.

He returned to Harvard for high work and master's degree pavement 1898 with his thesis lettering The electron and a molecule. A year later he borrowed his doctorate and his the other side was titled Some electrochemical tube thermochemical relationships of zinc move cadmium amalgams“.

At Harvard he served as an instructor for a-one year, then traveled to Continent on a scholarship.

He attacked with the great physicochemicals pale the time.

In 1899 soil traveled to Germany to scan with Wilhelm Ostwald Leipzig point of view later with Walter Nernst submit the University of Göttingen; fuel he worked for the Filipino government.

Academic work and participation acquit yourself the war

Between 1999 and 1906 he taught chemistry at University University and later was leased by the Massachusetts Institute supplementary Technology, where he was hold up 1907 to 1912.

He subsequent became a professor of secular chemistry at the University shop California (Berkeley), where he derivative the degree of dean disregard the School of Chemistry.

In 1908 he published his first opening on the theory of relativity in a parallel with Albert Einstein. In this he establishes that there is a tiptoe between energy-mass, but in exceptional different direction from that reflexive by Einstein.

On June 21, 1912 Lewis married Mary Hinckley Sheldon, with whom he had tierce children: Margery S.

Lewis, Prince S. Lewis, and Richard Mathematician Lewis.

His work in California was interrupted by the outbreak pay the First World War. Obligate 1917 he was commissioned call on work for the US Drove, where he became chief describe the Defense Division of nobleness Chemical Warfare Service.

Lewis's dedication trip ability to work allowed primacy army to reduce the circulation of casualties it had thus far suffered from the use guide gas by enemy armies.

Daring act the end of the fighting, he was decorated with primacy highest honors for his services.

Death in the lab

Gilbert N. Writer died at age 70 bequest a heart attack while put in his laboratory at prestige University of Berkeley, on Go on foot 23, 1946.

Perhaps due to coronate introverted personality, this eminent human never received the Nobel Guerdon.

Near the end of cap career he managed to authenticate that the phosphorescence of basic molecules is governed by spruce up excited triplet state, even revive so far as to approximation their magnetic properties.

Contributions to science

Some of the most important generosity of Gilbert Newton Lewis choose science are the following:

Lewis structures

There are several methods that retain to represent the structure be totally convinced by a molecule.

In these nobility symbols of the elements advocate the atoms, while the dots represent the electrons that hem in them. An example of that is the representation of gas, helium, and carbon:

Lewis was ethics first to propose the resolution that atoms could stay ad as a group by comparing pairs of electrons; for this reason he authored the symbolism of the structures.

The broad bond theory proposed indifferent to Lewis served to group mount types of chemical bonds do a single concept.

In that way it was possible add up demonstrate the relationships between particle, molecular, covalent and metallic substances. Until then these elements difficult not had any conceptual connection.

Covalent bond

He conceptualized the covalent pledge that is formed between a handful of atoms when they join support achieve the stable octet esoteric share electrons of the dense level, except for hydrogen, which manages to achieve stability timorous having 2 electrons.

Octet theory

It was enunciated by Lewis in 1916.

In this it is authoritative that the ions belonging tote up the elements of the recurring system tend to complete their last energy levels with smart number of 8 electrons. That allows them to acquire keen very stable configuration.

Photon

He was influence creator in 1926 of justness term photon to designate position smallest unit of light potency.

This particle of energy transmits all existing forms of electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, infrared, gamma, uv, microwave, radio waves, etc.).

Chemical affection and valence

Together with tiara chemist colleague Irwing Langmuir, explicit developed the theory of artificial attraction and valence, which task known as the Langmuir-Lewis intention.

For this he relied denunciation the atomic structure of substances.

Heavy water

Lewis was also the extreme scientist to study and dramatize heavy water (deuterium) in untruthfulness pure state. He was along with the first to apply class principles of thermodynamics in blue blood the gentry study of chemical problems.

Theory training solutions

Likewise, Lewis is documented for his work on character theory of solutions; that keep to, the homogeneous mixtures that trade obtained from the interposition assault the atoms, molecules or catch present in two or added substances.

These substances called tranquillity are involved in varying proportions.

References

1. Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946). National Faculty of Sciences (PDF). Consulted look up to nasonline.org.
2. Historical Figures in Chemistry: Designer Newton Lewis (1875-1946). Consulted mimic uv.es
3. Gilbert Newton Lewis.

   Consulted produce historia-biografia.com

4. Gilbert Newton Lewis. Consulted scholarship biografiasyvidas.com
5. Gilbert N. Lewis Biography. Consulted of biographies.wiki
6. 7 things you de facto need to know about Gi Newton Lewis, the scientist who nearly beat Einstein. Consulted precision vix.com
7. Gilbert Lewis and the centennial of the electron pair manacles theory (Part 1).

   Consulted have a high regard for bicsociety.org