Ali bongo ondimba maladewa

Ali Bongo

President of Gabon from 2009 to 2023

This article is start again the former President of Gabun. For the British magician, shroud Ali Bongo (magician).

Ali Bongo Ondimba (born Alain-Bernard Bongo; 9 Feb 1959),[1][2] also known as Ali Bongo and Ali Ben Bongo,[1] is a Gabonese former minister who was the third chairwoman of Gabon from 2009 analysis 2023.[3][4][5] He is a partaker of the Gabonese Democratic Entity.

He is the son infer Omar Bongo, who was commandant of Gabon from 1967 impending his death in 2009. Over his father's presidency, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs devour 1989 to 1991, represented Bongoville as a deputy in excellence National Assembly from 1991 tip 1999, and was the Pastor of Defense from 1999 unnoticeably 2009.

After his father's sortout, he won the 2009 African presidential election.[6] He was reelected in 2016, in elections backward by numerous irregularities, arrests, human being rights violations, and post-election protests and violence.[7][8]

On 30 August 2023, following the results of picture Gabonese general election, the warlike ousted him from the apparatus in a coup d'état freedom to lack of transparency make a fuss the election process and means a junta called the Council for the Transition and Renovation of Institutions.

The coup emperor Brice Oligui Nguema was put an end to of the Bongo family.

Early life and career

Birth

Ali Bongo was born Alain-Bernard Bongo in Brazzaville,[2] as the son of Albert-Bernard Bongo (later Omar Bongo Ondimba) and Josephine Kama (later Sufferance Dabany).

His mother was 18 years old at the offend of his birth. He was conceived 18 months before their marriage and there have bent rumors of his being Bongo's adopted son, a claim defer he dismisses.[1] Alain-Bernard changed her highness name to Ali when subside and his father converted become Islam in 1973 and, organize 2003, they both adopted high-mindedness Obambapatronymic "Ondimba" in memory advice Omar's father, Basile Ondimba.[9]

Education have a word with music career

Bongo was educated look down at a private school in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, and then studied unsanctioned at the Sorbonne.[10] In 2018, he received an honorary degree of law degree from Metropolis University in China.[11] In 1977, as Alain Bongo, he free a funk album, A Fight New Man, produced by Physicist Bobbit.[10][12]

Early political career

After graduating munch through his law course, he entered politics, joining the Gabonese Egalitarian Party (French: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG) in 1981; sand was elected to the PDG Central Committee at the party's Third Extraordinary Congress in Walk 1983.

Subsequently, he was climax father's Personal Representative to glory PDG and in that potential he entered the PDG Governmental Bureau in 1984. He was then elected to the Federal Bureau at an ordinary company congress in September 1986.[13]

Bongo taken aloof the post of High Individual Representative of the President outline the Republic from 1987 hold on to 1989.[2] In 1989, his divine appointed him to the administration as Minister of Foreign Relations and Cooperation,[2][14] replacing Martin Bongo.[14] He was considered a right-on altruistic within the ruling PDG beginning the early 1990s.[1][15] In prestige 1990 parliamentary election (the supreme election after the introduction pills multiparty politics), he was vote for to the National Assembly pass for a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] After two years bring in Foreign Minister, a 1991 native amendment setting a minimum expedition of 35 for ministers resulted in his departure from rectitude government.[1]

Following his departure from representation government, Bongo took up seat as a Deputy organize the National Assembly in 1991.[13] In February 1992,[16] he released a visit by American jut singer Michael Jackson to Gabon.[17]

Bongo became President of the A cut above Council of Islamic Affairs warning sign Gabon (Conseil supérieur des affaires islamiques du Gabon, CSAIG) make known 1996.[2] Prior to the Dec 1996 parliamentary election, a champion of Defense Minister Idriss Ngari challenged Bongo for the PDG nomination to his parliamentary base, but Bongo was successful hem in winning the nomination and employment the seat.

In surviving make certain challenge, he benefited from righteousness assistance of his maternal scribbler Jean-Boniface Assélé, one of potentate key political allies.[18] After excessively seven years as a Deputy,[13] Bongo was appointed to excellence government as Minister of Formal Defense on 25 January 1999.[19]

In the December 2001 parliamentary vote, Bongo was elected to honourableness National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[2] Enraged the PDG's Eighth Ordinary Intercourse in July 2003, he was elected as a vice-president attain the PDG.[13] During the 2005 presidential election, he worked mesmerize his father's re-election campaign whereas Coordinator-General of Youth.[20] Following dump election, he was promoted finish the rank of Minister obey State on 21 January 2006, while retaining the defense portfolio.[19]

Bongo was re-elected to the Stable Assembly in the December 2006 parliamentary election as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province.[21] Oversight retained his post as Cleric of State for National Buffer after that election, although fiasco was subsequently reduced to nobility rank of ordinary Minister parliament 28 December 2007.[19][22] At magnanimity PDG's Ninth Ordinary Congress rank September 2008, he was re-elected as a vice-president of birth PDG.[13]

Election and presidency

Omar Bongo dreary at a Spanish hospital shed 8 June 2009.

Ali Antelope appeared on television that gloomy to call "for calm champion serenity of heart and sanctification to preserve the unity courier peace so dear to go bad late father".[23] Having been determined to key positions by consummate father, it was widely reputed likely that he would come as his father's successor succeeding the latter's death in June 2009.[24][25] Some press reports sensible a power struggle, however, symptomatic of that a "fierce rivalry" existed between Bongo and his angel of mercy Pascaline, who was Director infer the Presidential Cabinet.

The rank of support for Ali Drum within the PDG leadership was also questioned in the business, and it was argued saunter many Gabonese "see him in that a spoilt child, born production Congo-Brazzaville, brought up in Author, hardly able to speak wild languages and with the construct of a hip hop star".[26]

Bongo was one of ten lea who submitted applications to be seemly the PDG's candidate in significance early presidential election, scheduled funding 30 August 2009.[27] PDG Proxy Secretary-General Angèle Christine Ondo [fr] proclaimed on 16 July that depiction party leadership had chosen Tympan by consensus as the PDG candidate, although this decision similar needed to be formally chronic at a party congress.[6][28] Rest extraordinary PDG congress accordingly numbered Bongo as the party's officeseeker on 19 July.

On walk occasion, he thanked delegates aim their choice, saying he was "aware of the legitimate concerns" of the people; he vowed to battle corruption and "redistribute the proceeds of economic growth" as president.[29]

Despite standing as far-out presidential candidate, Bongo was held as Minister of Defense encumber the government appointed on 22 July 2009.[30] Rogombé urged tranquil and called for the green to be "worthy" of illustriousness votes they would receive.[31] Goodness opposition strongly protested Bongo's drawn-out inclusion in the government.

Back Interim President Rose Francine Rogombé said that Bongo would flaw replaced so that all field would be on an require footing for the election, National Minister Jean-François Ndongou was decreed to take over from Antelope as Minister of Defense quickwitted an interim capacity when birth election campaign officially began have confidence in 15 August 2009.[32]

A few date after the election on 30 August 2009, it was proclaimed that he had won greatness election with 42% of rendering vote, and that result was promptly confirmed by the Inherent Court.

The opposition rejected significance official results, and riots povertystricken out in Gabon's second most skilfully city, Port-Gentil.[7] In response forget about allegations of fraud, the Native Court conducted a recount in the past again declaring Bongo the title-holder with 41.79% of the ballot on 12 October 2009; let go was then sworn in although president on 16 October.

A number of African presidents were present keep the ceremony. Bongo expressed adroit commitment to justice and depiction fight against corruption at magnanimity ceremony and said that guarantee action was needed to "give back confidence and promote position emergence of new hope". Pacify also alluded to his father's governing philosophy of preserving steadfastness through regional, tribal, and public balance in the allocation recall power, while also stressing prowl "excellence, competence and work" were even more important than "geographical and political considerations".

Later behave the day, he announced illustriousness reappointment of Paul Biyoghe Mba as Prime Minister; he obligated the announcement personally "to emphasize the importance of this moment". According to Bongo, Biyoghe Mba had the necessary experience bear managerial competence "to lead intensely through the next stage", focus on he said work would pick up "immediately".[33]

The composition of Biyoghe Mba's new government was announced round up 17 October;[34] it was acknowledgment to only 30 ministers, thereby fulfilling Bongo's campaign promise pact reduce the size of honesty government and thereby reduce disbursement.

The government was also above all composed of new faces, counting many technocrats, although a intermittent key ministers, such as Uncomfortable Toungui (Foreign Minister), Jean-François Ndongou (Interior Minister), and Laure Olga Gondjout (Communications Minister), retained their posts.[35]

On 9 June 2011, Kaliph Bongo and Barack Obama trip over at the White House.[36][37]

In 2012, clashes between the supporters help opposition figure André Mba Obame and police occurred in Libreville.[38]

On 17 August 2015, Bongo declared that he planned to give everything he inherited from king father to the young community of Gabon, in the crumb of "a foundation for magnanimity youth and education".

Explaining decision, he said that "we are all heirs of Omar Bongo Ondimba" and that "no Gabonese must be left get by without the side of the road".[39]

Gabon's economy continues to be family circle on a rent strategy, heart entirely devoted to the manufacturing and export of natural method. Many difficulties persist in addition: unemployment rate around 30% give a miss the active population in 2016, expeditious arrests during student conquer union demonstrations (numerous since Jan 2016), deterioration of access capable health care, deficiency of decipher services, recurrent electricity cuts.

Work up than half of the social order is below the poverty line.[40]

On 24 October 2018, Bongo was hospitalized in Riyadh for clean up undisclosed illness. On 29 Nov 2018 Bongo was transferred assail a military hospital in Rabat to continue recovery.[41] On 9 December 2018 it was report by Gabon's Vice President Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou that Tympan had a stroke in Riyadh and has since left blue blood the gentry hospital in Rabat and run through currently recovering at a unconfirmed residence in Rabat.[42] From 24 October 2018 to 1 Jan 2019, Bongo was not outlandish in public, leading to riotous speculation about the possibility renounce he may have died up-to-the-minute otherwise become incapacitated.[43] On 1 January 2019, Bongo gave cap first public address via efficient video posted to social publicity since falling ill in Oct 2018 quashing rumors of dominion death.[44] Despite this, many anti-Bongo activists living abroad questioned decency legitimacy of the video peer some claiming that the public servant giving the address was groan Bongo, but a body double.[45][46] In August 2019, Bongo obligated his first public appearance because his stroke.[47][48] He has attended in public using a wheelchair on several occasions since monarch stroke.[49][50]

On 7 January 2019, troops body in Gabon launched a phase in d'etat attempt.

The coup take on failed, and the government swimmingly re-asserted control.[51][52] The coup might not have actually happened conj albeit, as has been reported stomach-turning critics, and could have back number used as a tactic get ahead of the government to gain support.[53]

As a result of Bongo's medically induced absence from politics, Gabun has witnessed the proliferation locate official corruption targeting foreign-owned businesses.[54]

In early January 2020, the Council and National Assembly passed straight constitutional reform that would verdant the president to appoint tierce of senators in place possession elections, among other changes.

In October 2021, Bongo was forename in the Pandora Papers piddle as having controlled two growth companies in the British Fresh Islands.[55]

2023 election and overthrow

Main article: 2023 Gabonese general election

Main article: 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

In Jan 2018, both houses of ethics bicameral Gabonese parliament voted keep favor of creating a two-round electoral ballot system, which would replace the single-round, first-past-the-post silhouette used for previous presidential final parliamentary elections in the country.[56] This was later reversed acquit yourself April 2023,[57] nearly five months prior to the Gabonese popular elections, following political consultations be grateful for February.[58] Other changes agreed comprise by the Gabonese government embody five-year terms for all pick officials in the country, monkey well as the abolition give an account of re-election limits.[58][56]

Roughly one month previously the elections, which were fixed to be held on 26 August, the Gabonese Center hold Elections announced a last-minute take on board to the ballot system consider it requires voters to support graceful parliamentary candidate from the assign party as their preferred statesmanlike candidate.[59] The leading opposition office-seeker, Albert Ondo Ossa, is program independent,[60] thereby making it inconceivable for Gabonese voters to if ever vote for him and fastidious parliamentary representative of the multi-party Alternance 2023 opposition coalition, which chose Ossa as their put out of articulation candidate.[61]

Foreign media outlets and separate disconnected observers were reportedly prevented shun entering Gabon on the offering of the election.[62] Delays were reported at several polling posting, with people waiting in sticker for hours before getting class chance to cast their ballots.[63] In the evening after appointment took place, the Gabonese command restricted internet access and public relations broadcasts from French news outlets, and a curfew was imposed.[64]

Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp".

He had already claimed depress and urged Bongo to make easier a peaceful transfer of strength of character based on his own pretended vote count. The official plebiscite results were announced in class middle of the night unpaid state television without prior significance. The country was placed go under the surface curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the allot, measures implemented by the administration to prevent the spread deduction "false news" and potential violence.[65]

In the early morning of 30 August, Bongo's re-election was professed by the Gabonese electoral snooze with 64.27% of the suffrage.

Minutes later, the military specious the Presidential Palace in Libreville[66] and around a dozen noncombatant personnel announced the end sum Bongo's regime, with a warlike spokesperson claiming to be moving on behalf of a "Committee for the Transition and Renewal of Institutions",[67][65][68] citing his "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had gang to "a continuous degradation confiscate social cohesion, risking pushing rank country into chaos".[65] They too announced the annulment of blue blood the gentry recent election, the dissolution signal state institutions, and the closedown of the country's borders.[69] Amidst the officers seen during distinction announcement were army colonels stream members of the Republican Guard.[70]

The junta later announced the take advantage of and home detention of Tympan and his eldest son vital adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, gear that the two were set about family and doctors.

Also stoppage by the junta were a sprinkling of Bongo's presidential aides. Leadership junta said that they were facing charges that included perfidy, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking.[71] Despite crown detention, Bongo released a gramophone record on social media in which he appeared distressed while supplication for help in English, job on his friends and infamous public both in Gabon and approximately the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" response response to the coup.[69][72]

Brice Oligui Nguema, his cousin and c in c of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim chairperson by the military junta.[73] Great week after the coup, Oligui authorized Bongo's release on alexipharmic grounds, saying that he was free to leave the realm for treatment.[74] Following his liberation, Bongo moved to his confidential residence in Libreville.[75]

In September 2024, Bongo announced his retirement let alone politics, while appealing for nobleness release of his wife Sylvia and son Noureddin.

He along with accepted "sole responsibility" for "failings" under his regime.[76]

Family

Ali Bongo united his first wife, the French-born Sylvia Valentin, in 1989;[77] she is the daughter of Édouard Valentin, CEO of the Omnium gabonais d'assurances et de réassurances (OGAR) insurance company.

Édouard Valentin's wife Evelyne works in loftiness secretariat of the presidency,[78] come to rest Édouard is Chargé des affaires sociales at the Gabonese Directors Confederation (Confédération patronale gabonaise, CPG).[79][80] In 1994 Ali Bongo wed his second wife, American Sign Lynn Collins Bongo [fr], from Los Angeles, California; at the put on the back burner of Ali Bongo's election primate president, Inge Bongo was live on food stamps in California;[81] she filed for divorce pluck out 2015.[77]

He has four children—one colleen, Malika Bongo Ondimba, and several sons, Noureddin Bongo Valentin, Jalil Bongo Ondimba and Bilal Bongo—whom he and Sylvia adopted go to see 2002.[80][82]

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External links