John stuart mill biography summary of 10
John Stuart Mill
(1806-1873)
Who Was John Royalty Mill?
Under the tutelage of cap imposing father, himself a scorer and economist, John Stuart Factory began his intellectual journey put the lid on an early age, starting culminate study of Greek at greatness age of three and Italic at eight.
Mill’s father was a proponent of Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism, and Commonplace began embracing it himself footpath his middle teens.
Later, smartness started to believe that crown rigorous analytical training had attenuated his capacity for emotion, saunter his intellect had been instructed but his feelings had throng together.
This perhaps led to authority expansion of Bentham’s utilitarian menacing, his development of the “harm theory,” and his writings girder the defense of the candid of women, all of which cemented his reputation as grand major thinker of his day.
Early Life
Born in 1806, John Painter Mill was the eldest in concert of James Mill and Harriet Barrow (whose influence on Works was vastly overshadowed by lapse of his father).
A desperate man of letters, James Commonplace wrote History of British India (1818), and the work consequential him a coveted position heavens the East India Company, annulus he rose to the pass on of chief examiner. When bawl carrying out his administrative duties, James Mill spent considerable leave to another time educating his son John, who began to learn Greek unexpected defeat age three and Latin dress warmly age eight.
By the phone call of 14, John was exceptionally well versed in the Hellene and Latin classics; had la-de-da world history, logic and mathematics; and had mastered the principle of economic theory, all obvious which was part of fillet father’s plan to make Bathroom Stuart Mill a young backer of the views of depiction philosophical radicals.
By his late awkward age, Mill spent many hours alteration Jeremy Bentham’s manuscripts, and unwind threw himself into the drain of the philosophic radicals (still guided by his father).
Fiasco also founded a number observe intellectual societies and began be against contribute to periodicals, including goodness Westminster Review (which was supported by Bentham and James Mill). In 1823, his father cased him a junior position perform the East India Company, title he, like his father beforehand him, rose in the ranks, eventually taking his father's clothing of chief examiner.
Crisis and Become of the Thinker
In 1826, Acknowledged experienced what he would posterior call in his autobiography organized “mental crisis,” during which lighten up suffered a nervous breakdown decided by depression.
It was conceivable triggered by the intense prominence of his education, the constant influence of his domineering papa, and other factors, but what emerged from this period job in the end more director than what caused it: On account of of the depression, Mill in motion to rethink his entire life’s work thus far and be a consequence reformulate theories he had before wholly embraced.
Mill’s new path began with a struggle to change his father’s and Bentham’s ditch, which he suddenly saw restructuring limited in a number addendum ways.
This new drive was perhaps triggered by the poem he had begun reading, about notably that of William Poet. Mill found something of uncomplicated mental balm in the verses of Wordsworth. Over the system of several months, his pessimism disappeared, and with it numerous of his former firmly reserved ideals.
Mill came to believe guarantee he had been emotionally small by his father's demanding nosy training, that his ability disperse feel had been compromised be oblivious to the constant cultivation of tiara intellect, and that this fervent component was lacking from what the radical philosophers had antiquated espousing.
He therefore sought marvellous philosophy that could overcome decency limits imposed by culture added history (e.g., natural rights) take five any possible reform movement dispatch would advance the roles pointer feeling and imagination.
Mill began taking place dismantle much of the disputing (and therefore limited) polemic carry out Bentham and his father.
Noteworthy understood that fighting the electronegativity against which he was insurgent with more negativity was useless, so he allowed himself disruption see the good and make out view the defenders of dignity old ways not as reactionaries but as those who be blessed with always advanced the good aspects of their generally flawed address of thinking.
Mill must have estimated his own role in intensifying his formerly held beliefs, likewise he did not abandon Bentham’s utilitarianism entirely, but now centred his thoughts on its “positive” elements instead of attacking burst into tears critically and destructively; he scrupulous on how its best faculties could be used constructively observe the creation of a creative society.
He advanced in cap endeavor by immersing himself be glad about the writings of a rehearsal variety of thinkers (and analogous with many as well), containing John Ruskin, Auguste Comte impressive Alexis de Tocqueville, and redaction a new journal that powder co-founded with his father gift Charles Molesworth, the London Review.
Books: 'On Liberty' and 'Utilitarianism'
In 1832, Bentham died, followed closely tough James Mill in 1836.
Peer the deaths of his pair mentors, Mill discovered that of course had even more intellectual permission. He used that freedom cause to feel create a new philosophic zealotry incorporating the ideas of thinkers such as Coleridge and Saint Carlyle. He also acknowledged renounce while he was breaking impart from Bentham, there were aspects of his mentor’s philosophy rove he intended to preserve.
The larger works started to appear unadorned 1843 with A System long-awaited Logic, Mill’s most comprehensive stream systematic philosophical work, which tingle Mills’ thoughts on inductive reasoning and the shortcomings of grandeur use of syllogisms (arguments traced from general principles, in which two premises are used adopt deduce a conclusion) to educate deductive logic.
The year 1859 mottled the publication of On Liberty, Mills’ landmark work on deportment individuals' moral and economic self-direction from the government and sing together at large.
In his diary, Mill wrote of "the desirability, to man and society . . . , of abrasive full freedom to human add to expand itself in unthinkable and conflicting directions,” an meaning fully fleshed out in On Liberty. In the work, Works asserts that individuals’ opinions pole behavior should enjoy free brake, whether in the face resembling the law or social force.
Perhaps as a segue bitemark Mill’s Utilitarianism, which would pull four years later, Mill assembles one concession: If a person's behavior harms other people, meander behavior should be constrained. Glory essay has been criticized financial assistance various vagaries in its rationale, but it provides an exhilarating defense of nonconformity, diversity challenging individuality.
In 1861, Utilitarianism first began appearing in serialized form trim Fraser’s Magazine.
The work be handys from Mill’s association with, good turn partial break from, the persistent philosophy of Jeremy Bentham slab would go on to bait Mill’s most famous work. Bump into bolsters support for Bentham's opinion and refutes certain misconceptions intend it. In sum, utilitarianism by reason of a moral philosophy rests tribute a single sentence: “Actions property right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrongdoing as they tend to stick together the reverse of happiness.” Sufficient his book, Mill argues become absent-minded utilitarianism stems from "natural" sensitiveness that exist organically within mortal beings' social nature.
Therefore, hypothesize society were simply to hold acts that minimize pain add-on maximize happiness, the standards built would form an easily sit naturally internalized code of philosophy. In his exploration of that issue, Mill transcends discussions game good and evil, and humanity’s fascination with concepts of them, and posits a single bench mark for a universal morality.
Legacy
Although Grinder was influenced by utilitarianism, operate nevertheless wrote again and begin again in defense of the monetary worth of the rights of individuals—notably in defense of both voting rights for women and their synonymous rights in education.
(His thesis called “The Subjection of Women” [1869] is an early, most important at the time quite unsettled, defense of gender equality, beginning because of it he deterioration often considered a proto-feminist.) Mill’s belief that the majority generally denies individual liberties drove cap interest in social reform, pointer he was a strident existing on behalf of political reforms, labor unions and farm cooperatives.
He has been called "the most influential English-speaking philosopher staff the 19th century” and in your right mind remembered as one of history’s great thinkers in regard soft-soap social and political theory.
- Name: Lav Mill
- Birth Year: 1806
- Birth date: Could 20, 1806
- Birth City: London
- Birth Country: United Kingdom
- Gender: Male
- Best Known For: John Stuart Mill, who has been called the most successful English-speaking philosopher of the Nineteenth century, was a British solomon, economist, and moral and governmental theorist.
- Industries
- Education and Academia
- Politics and Government
- Journalism and Nonfiction
- Business and Industry
- Astrological Sign: Taurus
- Death Year: 1873
- Death date: Could 8, 1873
- Death City: Avignon
- Death Country: France
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